These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in eigenvalue buckling (*BUCKLE) procedures. AXIAL, CARTESIAN, and CARDAN connections with elastic connector behavior are employed. Elastic connector behavior is defined with the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY option. Perturbation loads are applied via connector actuation using both the *CONNECTOR LOAD and *CONNECTOR MOTION options. When the load is applied with *CONNECTOR MOTION, the LOAD CASE=1 parameter is used to define the connector motion for the application of loads, and LOAD CASE=2 is used to define the connector motion for the buckling modes. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of a series of 2-node connector elements that support and actuate a column. The column is modeled with beam elements.

These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in natural frequency extraction (*FREQUENCY) procedures. AXIAL, CARTESIAN, and CARDAN connections with elastic connector behavior are employed. Elastic connector behaviors are defined with the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY option. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of a series of independent, 2-node connector elements that support and actuate a column. The column is modeled with beam elements.

These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in transient modal dynamic (*MODAL DYNAMIC) procedures. AXIAL, CARTESIAN, and CARDAN connections with elastic connector behavior are employed. Elastic connector behavior is defined with the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY option. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of a series of 2-node connector elements supporting a column that is subjected to a dynamic load. The column is modeled with beam elements.

These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in steady-state dynamic analyses. ABAQUS offers the following steady-state dynamic procedures: the direct-solution procedure, *STEADY STATE DYNAMICS, DIRECT; and the modal based procedures, *STEADY STATE DYNAMICS and *STEADY STATE DYNAMICS, SUBSPACE PROJECTION. The connection types AXIAL, ROTATION, CARTESIAN, and CARDAN are tested in these procedures. Elastic and damping connector behaviors are defined for all connections using the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY and *CONNECTOR DAMPING options. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of three connector elements with nodal masses. Two connector elements are connected in series and actuated by the third connector. Actuation is achieved using the *CONNECTOR LOAD and *CONNECTOR MOTION options. The real and imaginary parts of the loading are specified with the LOAD CASE=1 and LOAD CASE=2 parameters, respectively.

These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in response spectrum (*RESPONSE SPECTRUM) analysis. Both AXIAL and CARTESIAN connections are employed. Elastic and damping connector behaviors are defined for the connections using the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY and *CONNECTOR DAMPING options. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of three connector elements with nodal masses. The system is subjected to both a displacement and a velocity spectrum.

These verification cases test the performance of connector elements in random response (*RANDOM RESPONSE) analysis. AXIAL, ROTATION, CARTESIAN, and CARDAN connections are employed. Elastic and damping connector behaviors are defined for the connections using the *CONNECTOR ELASTICITY and *CONNECTOR DAMPING options. The system is exposed to a nondeterministic loading applied via the *CONNECTOR LOAD option. The cross-spectral density frequency function of the random loading is specified with the *PSD-DEFINITION option. The case considered here is uncorrelated white noise. Results are verified by comparison with either analytical solutions or numerical results from equivalent models without connector elements.

The models consist of three connector elements with nodal masses. Two connector elements are connected in series and actuated by the third connector with a nondeterministic load.

These verification cases test the performance of lock, stop, plasticity, damage, and friction connector behaviors in perturbation analyses, defined with the *CONNECTOR LOCK; *CONNECTOR STOP; *CONNECTOR PLASTICITY and *CONNECTOR HARDENING; *CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION and *CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION; and *CONNECTOR FRICTION options, respectively. These options are tested separately. Both AXIAL and CARDAN connections are employed.

Plastic relative motions do not change in linear perturbation procedures. Frictional slipping is not allowed during linear perturbation procedures; thus, all available components of relative motion with connector friction behavior should remain fixed and equal to the values from the base state. Similarly, the status of connector locks and stops cannot change during a linear perturbation analysis. The performance of lock, stop, plasticity, and friction connector behavior is tested in both *FREQUENCY and *STEADY STATE DYNAMICS, DIRECT procedures. The behavior options are verified through a multi-step load history. The perturbation steps are preceded by general static steps where a load is applied such that the corresponding prescribed limits for the locking, stopping, plasticity, damage initiation, or friction behavior are exceeded. For the lock and stop cases the load direction is reversed in a subsequent step to confirm the locking or stopping behavior.

The models consist of three connector elements with nodal masses. One of the connectors has the relevant lock, stop, plasticity, damage, or friction behaviors.