ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual  


16.3.2 Rigid element library

Products: ABAQUS/Standard  ABAQUS/Explicit  ABAQUS/CAE  

References

Element types

2-D rigid elements

R2D22-node, linear link (for use in plane strain or plane stress)
RAX22-node, linear link (for use in axisymmetric planar geometries)
RB2D2(S)    2-node, rigid beam

Slave degrees of freedom

R2D2 and RAX2: 1, 2

RB2D2: 1, 2, 6

Master degrees of freedom

R2D2, RAX2, and RB2D2: 1, 2, 6 at the rigid body reference node

Additional solution variables

None.

3-D rigid elements

R3D33-node, triangular facet
R3D44-node, bilinear quadrilateral
RB3D2(S)    2-node, rigid beam

Slave degrees of freedom

R3D3 and R3D4: 1, 2, 3

RB3D2: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Master degrees of freedom

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 at the rigid body reference node

Additional solution variables

None.

Nodal coordinates required

R2D2 and RB2D2: ,

RAX2: ,

R3D3, R3D4, and RB3D2: , ,

Element property definition

For R2D2, RB2D2, and RB3D2 elements you can specify the cross-sectional area of the element. In ABAQUS/Standard if no area is given, unit area is assumed; the area is required in ABAQUS/Explicit.

For RAX2, R3D3, and R3D4 elements you can specify the thickness of the element. In ABAQUS/Standard if no thickness is given, unit thickness is assumed; the thickness is required in ABAQUS/Explicit.

The cross-sectional area or element thickness is used for the purpose of defining body forces, which are given in units of force per unit volume, and, in ABAQUS/Explicit, determining the total mass.

Input File Usage:           
*RIGID BODY

ABAQUS/CAE Usage: 

Interaction module: Create Constraint: Rigid body: Body (elements)


Element-based loading

Distributed loads

Distributed loads are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in “Distributed loads,” Section 19.4.3.

Available for R2D2 elements only:


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BX(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force in global -direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BY(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force in global -direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BXNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in global -direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BYNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in global -direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  CENT(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–4 (ML–3T–2)

Description:  Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume and is the angular velocity).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  CORIO(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–4T (ML–3T–1)

Description:  Coriolis force (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume and is the angular velocity). The load stiffness due to Coriolis loading is not accounted for in direct steady-state dynamics analysis.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  P(E)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Pressure on the element surface. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  PNU(E)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine VDLOAD (“VDLOAD,” Section 25.3.1). The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.

Available for RAX2 elements only:


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BR(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force per unit volume in the radial direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZ(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force per unit volume in the axial direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BRNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force per unit volume in the radial direction, with the magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force per unit volume in the -direction, with the magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  CENT(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–4 (ML– 3T–2)

Description:  Centrifugal load (magnitude given as , where is the mass density and is the angular speed). Since only axisymmetric deformation is allowed, the spin axis must be the -axis.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  HP(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface and linear in global . The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  P

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Pressure on the element surface. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  PNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with the magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5) and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit (“VDLOAD,” Section 25.3.1). The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRSHR

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Shear traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRSHRNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRVEC

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  General traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRVECNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).

Available for R3D3 and R3D4 elements only:


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BX(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force in the global -direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BY(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force in the global -direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZ(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Body force in the global -direction.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BXNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in the global -direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BYNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in the global -direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in the global -direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  CENT(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–4 (ML–3T–2)

Description:  Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume and is the angular velocity).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  CORIO(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–4T (ML–3T–1)

Description:  Coriolis force (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume and is the angular velocity). The load stiffness due to Coriolis loading is not accounted for in direct steady-state dynamics analysis.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  HP(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface and linear in global . The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  P

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Pressure on the element surface. The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  PNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5) and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit (“VDLOAD,” Section 25.3.1). The pressure is positive in the direction of the positive element normal.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRSHR

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Shear traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRSHRNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRVEC

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  General traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DLOAD):  TRVECNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).

ABAQUS/Aqua loads

ABAQUS/Aqua loads are specified as described in “ABAQUS/Aqua analysis,” Section 6.10.1.

Available for R3D3 and R3D4 elements only:


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  PB

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Buoyancy force.

Available for RB2D2 and RB3D2 elements only:


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FDD

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–1

Description:  Transverse fluid drag force.


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FD1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid drag force on the first end of the rigid link (node 1).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FD2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid drag force on the second end of the rigid link (node 2).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FDT

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–1

Description:  Tangential fluid drag load.


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–1

Description:  Transverse fluid inertia load.


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid inertia load on the first end of the rigid link (node 1).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid inertia load on the second end of the rigid link (node 2).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  PB

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–1

Description:  Buoyancy force (with closed-end condition).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WDD

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–1

Description:  Transverse wind drag force.


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WD1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Wind drag force on the first end of the rigid link (node 1).


Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WD2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Wind drag force on the second end of the rigid link (node 2).

Surface-based loading

Distributed loads

Surface-based distributed loads are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in “Distributed loads,” Section 19.4.3.

Available for RAX2, R3D3, and R3D4 elements only:


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  HP(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Pressure

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface and linear in global . The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  P

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Pressure

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Pressure on the element surface. The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  PNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Pressure

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with the magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard (“DLOAD,” Section 25.2.5) and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit (“VDLOAD,” Section 25.3.1). The pressure is positive in the direction opposite to the surface normal.


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  TRSHR

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Surface traction

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Shear traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  TRSHRNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  TRVEC

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Surface traction

Units:  FL–2

Description:  General traction on the element surface.


Load ID (*DSLOAD):  TRVECNU(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL–2

Description:  Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD (“UTRACLOAD,” Section 25.2.41).

Element output

None.

Node ordering on elements