Product: ABAQUS/Standard
Mesh:
A coarse and a fine mesh are tested for each element.
Material:Linear elastic, Young's modulus = 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio = 0.3.
Boundary conditions:
At point 
, 
.
Loading:
Uniform internal pressure of 1 MPa.
Gauss integration is used for the shell cross-section for the SAXA11 elements.
This is a test recommended by the National Agency for Finite Element Methods and Standards (U.K.): Test LE4 from NAFEMS publication TNSB, Rev. 3, “The Standard NAFEMS Benchmarks,” October 1990.
Target solution: On the midsurface at point 
the meridional stress, 
, is –50.0 MPa and the hoop stress, 
, is 50.0 MPa.
The results are shown in the following table. The values enclosed in parentheses are percentage differences with respect to the reference solution.
| Element Type | | |
|---|---|---|
| SAX1 (Coarse) | –49.69 (–0.62%) | 49.99 (–0.02%) |
| SAX1 (Fine) | –49.99 (–0.02%) | 49.92 (–0.16%) |
| SAX2 (Coarse) | –50.09 (0.18%) | 48.33 (–3.3%) |
| SAX2 (Fine) | –50.02 (0.04%) | 48.34 (–3.3%) |
| SAXA11 (Coarse) | –49.69 (–0.62%) | 49.92 (–0.16%) |
| SAXA11 (Fine) | –49.99 (–0.02%) | 49.20 (–1.6%) |
| SAXA21 (Coarse) | –50.09 (0.18%) | 48.33 (–3.3%) |
| SAXA21 (Fine) | –50.02 (0.04%) | 48.34 (–3.3%) |
SAX1 elements.
SAX2 elements.
SAXA11 elements.
SAXA21 elements.
SAX1 elements.
SAX2 elements.
SAXA11 elements.
SAXA21 elements.