Optical Networking: Recent Developments, Issues, and Trends

The year 2002 has brought a turn around in the optical networking. Several technologies that were hot until last year are no longer so. Beginning with networking trends and recent DWDM records, a sample of recent optical networking products and applications will be presented. Key technological developments that made optical networking a hot topic will be explained. Upcoming optical technologies will also be briefly described. The role of 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard in unifying the local and wide area networks will be presented. While Ethernet is trying to replace SONET/SDH in the carrier networks, SONET itself is changing to better meet the new demands of data traffic. The features that make Next Generation SONET a tough competitor for Ethernet in the carrier networks will be explained. The latest debate on all-optical switching along with the introduction of IP control plane will be presented. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), Multiprotocol Lambda Switching, and Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) will be explained. New standards activities to change IP protocols to enable optical networking will be presented.

Syllabus:
Networking Trends: Life Cycles of Technologies, Traffic vs Capacity Growth, Ethernet Everywhere, Technology Failures vs Successes, LAN-WAN Convergence, Ethernet vs SONET, Everything over IP. Carrier Networking Technologies: SONET, SONET Components, Protection, Rings, Virtual Concatenation, Generic Framing Protocol (GFP), Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), SDH, OTN. Gigabit and 10 Gb Ethernet: Distance-B/W Principle, 10 GbE: Key Features, PMD Types, 1G/10G Ethernet Switch Features, Flow Control, Link Aggregation, Jumbo Frames, Resilient Packet Ring (RPR), Beyond 10 GbE. Recent Developments in Optical Networking: Recent DWDM Records and Product Announcements, All-Optical Networking, IP over DWDM, Changes in IP, UNI, ASON, MPLS, MPL(ambda)S, GMPLS, Martini Drafts, Upcoming optical technologies.

This tutorial covers the following topics:

• Overview
• 1. Networking Trends
• 2. Optical Transmission and Switching
• 3. SONET, SDH, OTN
• 4. GbE, 10GbE, Next Gen SONET
• 5. Passive Optical Networks
• 6. IP over DWDM
• Schedule (Tentative)
• References
• Pre-Test
• Disclaimer
• Networking Trends and Their Impact
• Future
• Competitive Local Exchange Carriers ...
• Life Cycles of Technologies
• Hype Cycles of Technologies
• Industry Growth
• Telecom Winter
• Competitive Local Exchange Carriers vs Incumbent Local Exchange Carriers
• Trend: Back to ILECs
• Glut-sters vs Gap-sters
• Traffic vs Capacity Growth
• Traffic Growth
• Predictions
• Trend: LAN - WAN Convergence
• Metro: Ethernet vs SONET
• Networking: Failures vs Successes
• Requirements for Success
• Telecom vs Data Networks
• Trend: Everything over IP
• Other Networking Trends
• Optical Tranmission and Switching
• Optical Communication…History
• Photonic Sensing
• Sparse and Dense WDM
• Recent DWDM Records
• Attenuation and Dispersion
• Polarization Mode Dispersion
• Four-Wave Mixing
• Amplifiers
• Transmission Products
• OEO vs OOO Switches
• 40 Gbps
• More Wavelengths
• Ultra-Long Haul Transmission
• Free Space Optical Comm
• Free Space Optical Comm
• Optical Packet Switching
• Carrier Networking Technologies
• SONET
• SONET Protocols
• Physical Components
• Signal Hierarchy
• SONET Frame Format
• How to Send Bigger Payloads?
• Multiplexing
• Concatenation
• Rings Provide Protection
• Unidirectional Path Switched Ring
• Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring
• Bi-directional Line-Switched Ring (2-Fiber)
• Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
• SONET vs SDH
• Optical Transport Network (OTN)
• OTN Layers and Frame Format
• Next Generation Data Networking
• Full-Duplex Ethernet
• 1 GbE: Key Design Decisions
• 1000Base-X
• 1000Base-T
• 10 GbE: Key Design Decisions
• 10 GbE PMD Types
• 10 GbE over Dark Fiber
• 10 GbE over SONET/SDH
• Future Possibilities
• Ethernet vs SONET
• Data over SONET: Problems
• Old House vs New House
• Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
• Networking and Religion
• RPR: Key Features
• RPR Service Classes
• RPR Protection Mechanisms
• RPR Issues
• SONET Virtual Concatenation
• SONET LCAS
• Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
• Transparent GFP
• Passive Optical Access Networks
• Access: Fiber To The X(FTTx)
• Why PONs?
• PON Operation
• Protection and Redundancy
• PON Design Issues
• PON: Types
• BPON
• EPON vs GPON
• GPON
• EPON
• PON Applications
• Video over PONs
• PONs With xDSL
• PONs for Cellular Backhaul
• IP Over DWDM
• IP over DWDM
• IP over DWDM (Past)
• IP over DWDM: Protocol Layers
• IP over DWDM (Future)
• Telecom vs Data Networks
• IP over DWDM Issues
• Issue: Control and Data Plane Separation
• Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
• IP-Based Control Plane
• MPlS
• GMPLS
• GMPLS: Layered View
• GMPLS: Hierarchical View
• MPLS vs GMPLS
• Draft Martini
• L2 Circuits over IP
• PW Label
• ATM over MPLS
• Ethernet over MPLS
• Carriers vs Enterprise
• Issue: UNI vs Peer-to-Peer Signaling
• ASTN/ASON
• Sewer Networking
• Fiber Access Thru Sewer Tubes (FAST)
• FAST Installation
• Standards Organizations
• References

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