Global Next Generation Internet Initiatives

Prasanna Kumar Jagannathan, pjaganna@cse.wustl.edu

Abstract

Next generation Internet Initiatives are the research activities going on around the world towards developing the current Internet in terms of service and speed and launching a entirely new range of applications which will make use of these new opportunities, bringing wealth and knowledge to the entire world. This report surveys the research activities of global research networks working towards the development of the new services and applications. In this report second generation Internet initiatives like NGI, Internet2 and third generation Internet initiatives like SUPERNet and CANET3 have been described.
See also: Terabit Switches and Routers| Gigabit Networking Survey
Other Reports on Recent Advances in Networking
Back to Raj Jain's Home Page

Table of Contents

1.Introduction

    Internet is the major reason for the information revolution. Access to information on any subject is easy. Internet provides a forum for all to express their views. However, the internet is characterized by long delays, unacceptable disruptions , no quality of service, no realistic multimedia. Development of Internet and overcoming these hurdles are very important.
    In order to provide a uniform service throughout the world and to integrate seamlessly with the present Internet research is going on throughout the world. Leading in this direction is the United States of America with its Next Generation Internet and Internet2 initiatives. Other countries like Canada, Japan, Singapore have also made steps towards a better Internet. Many continental networks like the CANET, TEN-155, APAN have evolved to improve the Internet. The Internet will become faster, cheaper and more efficient in the future. In this paper global research networks and their research activities have been surveyed.

Back to Table of Contents

2.Global Internet Connectivity And Three Generations Of Internet

    The Internet has reached the corners of the Earth. The Internet can be classified into three generations on the basis of the technology it uses and the applications it supports. Most of the Internet users use the first generation internet. But the  inefficiency and congestion on this internet has become unacceptable to perform any research activities. The first generation Internet has the following features :     The second generation is a major step towards developing the Internet. This development which has so far been only in the research arena is moving to the implementation arena. The Second generation Internet adds quality of service, multimedia and other advanced services to the current Internet. The second generation internet initiatives are I2, NGI, CAnet2 and other Asian networks. The chief characteristics of the second generation Internet initiatives are:     Third generation Internet provides all the advanced features at a very fast speed. The third generation Internet is mainly in the research stage. It involves many ambitious projects that are being done in the level of a local area network and are expected to be implemented in a global way. The third generation internet initiatives are  the CAnet3, SUPERNet. The chief characteristics of the third generation Internet are : This paper will deal mainly about the second generation and the third generation internet.

Back to Table of Contents

3.Second Generation Internet Initiatives

    The second generation initiatives which use IPv6, provide QoS are being developed independently and simultaneously throughout the world though at different speeds. The initiatives are classified based on the countries in which they are being implemented.

3.1North America

    North America has been leading the world in research activities in the development of the next generation internet. In North America, USA has initiated the NGI and the Internet2 and in Canada CAnet has been developed.

3.1.1USA

    USA has been leading the world in changing the dimensions of the Internet. Both from the part of the Government and the research and education institutions a thrust towards better connectivity has been very much emphasized mainly due to the congestion in the present Internet, which makes any useful research impossible. The two major initiatives going on in the USA are the NGI and Internet2. The NGI - Next Generation Internet is an initiative of the US Government. The Internet2 is developed by the UCAID – University Corporation of Advanced Internet Development which is a consortium of the Universities in the USA. The aim is to develop a parallel network along with the NGI.
3.1.1.1 NGI
    The following government agencies are part of the NGI : DARPA,DOE,NASA,NIH, NIST and NSF. The aim of NGI is to develop two networks one of which is100 times faster than the current internet connecting 100 institutions –Net1and the other which is 1000 times faster than the current Internet, connecting 10 institutions - Net2. [ ngi99]
vBNS
The principle behind the vBNS-Very high speed Backbone Network Service is faster internet. It connects 104 institutions. It has 16 peer networks through NGIX[ ngix99] – NGI exchanges. A full mesh of statically linked Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) - Permanent Virtual Paths (PVPs) interconnect the 12 nodes of the vBNS. The current maximum speed achieved is OC-48c on Jan 1999. The project areas in which vBNS is being used are IPv6, performance measurement and QoS. [ vbns99] [ jamison98]
NREN
The NREN-National Research and Educational Networks connects 5 of 8 (as of summer 1999 ) NASA centers and research centers of leading corporations at 155 Mbps. The network access is provided through routed Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and ATM User Network Interface (UNI). Both the router and the ATM switch support IP over ATM It helps the High Performance Computing and Communications Program community of the NASA. The research areas are IPv6 , multicast, Quality of Service,performance measurement,  security and network management tools. Fundamentally the network is used for NASA's research purposes apart from the above mentioned research activities. [ nren99]
DREN
The DOD’s HPC-High Performance Computing center and the WIDE center are linked together with the above networks. Interoperable IP and ATM service are provided. Of the more than 60 sites of DREN around 25 are ATM  and the rest are IP sites. They are primarily used for research in the defense arena. The maximum speed as of November 1998 is OC-3 and in the future it is expected to go upto OC-48.[ dren99]
NISN
NISN is the NASA integrated services network. It is a single integrated network project aiming to replace many individual NASA networks and brings them under one organization. This is primarily for the operations of the NASA. The expected connection speed in December 1999 is OC-3. The networks being integrated are [ nisn99]
ESNET
The Energy Sciences network is an international scientific collaborative network. It is an ATM backbone network. It is one of the major networks that interconnect the American networks and the Asian and European networks. The latest speed achieved by the ESnet is OC-12. The research activities of the ESnet are IPv6 , 6Bone Backbone Participation , Class Based Queuing (CBQ), Quality of Service (QoS) and Virtual Networks. [ esnet99]
 
NLANR
The chief purpose of the NLANR - national lab for advanced networking research, is to actively further research in the NSF’s High Performance Connections sites and vBNS and other similar HPNSP (high-performance network service providers). It is also involved in IRcache which is actively involved in web caching activities. It consists of Applications/User Support, Engineering Services and Measurement and Analysis.[ nlanr99]
 
MREN
Metropolitan research and educational network is a consortium of many Universities and National Research Institutions. The maximum speed expected is OC-12c.It is a star topology network and hence has many advantages and provides full cell switching between the network sites. The research activities involved in the MREN include RSVP, advanced GigaPOP technology, QoS among many others.[ mren99]

Back to Table of Contents

3.1.1.2 Internet2
Internet2 [i299] is development led by US universities and runs parallel to the NGI of the US government and is developed by the UCAID - University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development.The Internet2 consists of five major areas of research and development :
 
QBone
QoS over IP for IP differentiated services - DiffServ. The DiffServ architecture consists of Bandwidth Brokers, Core routers, Leaf routers, Ingress Edge Router and Egress Edge Router. The QBone first attempts to build a interdomain testbed infrastructure and then support intradomain capabilities.
[ teitelbaum99]
I2DVN
The Internet2 Digital Video Network is the meeting point of many digital video initiatives. The research activities involve live transmission of video, video conferencing and video-on-demand.
I2DSI
The Internet2 Distributed Storage Initiative involves the development of reliable, scalable storage infrastructure in order to maximize the benefits of the advanced networks like vBNS and Abilene. It replicates hosting services for internet content and applications. It provides predetermined services and predetermined costs without the end user being aware of it. [ beck98]
 
Abilene
The aim of Abilene is building a smarter internet. The present Abilene network consists of 25 GigaPOPs. The maximum speed achieved so far is OC-48 among GigaPOPs[ gigapop99]. The Abilene network runs IP over SONET without ATM. The connection is done by means of either Core consisting of a set of Router Nodes connected to each other with Interior Circuits (Core Architecture) or an Abilene Connector, connecting to a Router Node, consisting of a set of Access Circuits (Access Architecture). The chief aim of the Abilene is high reliability Low latency, multicast, quality of service, and measurements.

3.1.2CANADA

Canada has been playing a significant role in the development of the Internet. Canadian networking infrastructure started in a major way with CANET, NTN and the current second generation CA*net2. The CANARIE Inc. played a major role in most of the Canadian initiatives.
CANET2
The ARDNOC- Advanced Research and Development Network Operations Center maintains the Canadian network infrastructure. The ARDNOC is also a research oriented institution involved in IP Telephony, Multicasting, and Video Conferencing. The CANET2 is a development parallel to the next generation internet of USA. It consists of 15 GigaPOPs and regional advanced networks (RANs). [ canet99]

Back to Table of Contents

3.2Europe

In Europe a internet connecting the networks of all the nations first was initiated in the form of the TEN-34 which was replaced by the TEN-155. There are other networks connecting other regions of Europe which include the Nordunet connecting the Nordic nations , the MIRnet which connects the USA and the Russia.

3.2.1 TEN-155

TEN-155 is the pan-European research network. It acts as the current backbone for the European internet. The backbone consists of SDH circuits with ATM overlay. The maximum speed achieved is 155 Mbps. TEN-155 provides QoS in the form of Managed bandwidth services and it implements VPN- virtual private network with committed bandwidth between national research networks.
It plays a major role in research activities of the European research community.[ ten99]

3.2.2 TERENA

The TERENA - Trans European Research and Education Networking Association is involved in advancing networking infrastructure in Europe.The current major research projects are creation of an automated indexing system for information recovery and  Computer Security. [ terena99]
The following task forces are involved in research.

3.2.3 DANTE

The DANTE - Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe Ltd. was set up by the ENRN- European national research networks to promote research interaction among the European researchers. DANTE and TERENA are involved jointly in many projects.[ dante99]
The chief of the activities of DANTE include the QUANTUM project and the Q-MED project.
QUANTUM Project – This project aims in providing a uniform 155 Mbps connection to the entire Europe.
Q-MED Project – It aims to provide a connection from the national research networks of Israel and Cyprus to TEN-155.
CAPE Project – This project aims to interconnect the APAN with the Ten-155 directly.
 

3.2.4 European National Research  Networks

ACOnet - Austrian Academic Computer Network in Austria
ARNES - Academic and Research Network of Slovenia in Slovenia
BELNET – Belgian Research Network in Belgium
CESnet in the Czech Republic
CYNET in Cyprus
DFN in Germany
EENet - Estonian Educational and Research Network in Estonia
GARR – Italian Academic and Research Network in Italy
GRNET - Greek Research and Technology Network in Greece
HEAnet – Ireland’s Academic and Research Networking Ireland
HUNGARNET in Hungary
IUCC - Israel InterUniversity Computation Center in Israel
LATNET – Latvian Network in Latvia
LITNET – Lithuanian Network in Lithuania
NASK - Polish Internet Operator in Poland
NORDUnet in the Nordic countries
DENet - Denmark Network (Denmark),
FUNET - Finnish University and Research Network (Finland),
ISnet - Icelandic network (Iceland),
UNINETT -Norwegian academic network for research and education(Norway),
SUNET - Swedish University Network (Sweden)
POL-34 -Polish Scientific Broadband Network in Poland
RCCN - Portuguese Network in Portugal
RESTENA -National Network for Education and Research in Luxembourg
RedIRIS-National Research Network  in Spain
RENATER -Research Network in France
RUCC - Romanian National Network in Romania
SANET -Slovakian Network in Slovakia
SURFnet - National Computer Network in the Netherlands
SWITCH - Switzerland National Network in Switzerland
UKERNA/JANET/SuperJANET1,2,3,4 in the UK
MIRNET is a 6Mbps link between USA and Russia running on ATM for research collaboration between scientists in USA and Russia.

Back to Table of Contents

3.3Asia

    In Asia the countries doing research in the next generation internet have joined together to form many consortiums among themselves and with other countries in the pacific rim. These include APAN, APII and AJNC. The various countries involved are Japan, Korea, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and a host of other countries.

3.3.1 APAN

APAN-Asia Pacific Advanced Network is a consortium of many networks in the Asia Pacific region. The main exchange points for the APAN are located in Tokyo, Singapore and Seoul. The main function for the exchange points are to transfer ATM cells. All APAN members operate APs- Access Points at their own boundaries and connect individually to other global networks. The APAN research involves the following working groups Cache, IPv6, Multicast, Measurement, Multimedia, Satellite Internet, Security, Network design,Television and QoS.[ apan99]

3.3.2 APII

APII -Asia Pacific Information Infrastructure – is a testbed which involves Korea, China, Japan and Singapore. Its aim is to connect the national testbeds developed in the individual countries. The speeds are modest in the range of 2 Mbps. The research areas are Performance Measurement, MBone establishment, RSVP Backbone Establishment, Network Management and long distance applications. [ apii99]

3.3.3 Singapore

SingAREN[ singaren99]
SingAREN - Singapore Research and Education Network is connected to the APAN, STARTAP.      The maximum speed achieved so far is 622 Mbps. It uses ATM as its current transport technology. The technology groups are Multicast Tele-Traffic technology groups.  It is involved in many research areas which includes many long distance applications, video services and QoS. [ ng98] [ ngoh98]

3.3.4 Japan

IMNET [ imnet99]
IMNET – Inter Ministry Research Information Network is the research network for many government agencies. The research involved are  electronic navigation,  national aerospace , geographical survey, communications research and space program development.

MAFFIN [ maffin99]
MAFFIN - Ministry of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries Research Network deals with global disaster warning systems.

SINET [ sinet99]
SINET – Science Information Network. This network  is connected at 10 Mbps to TEN-155 and at 150 Mbps to USA. This is the research network operated by NACSIS for the government universities.

WIDE [ wide99]
WIDE – Widely Integrated Distributed Environment  aims to establish large-scale distributed computing environment. The areas involved are in multicasting, QoS and in multifarious areas.

JAIRC [ jairc99]
JAIRC - Japan Advanced Internet Research Consortium is a consortium of various research networks in Japan.  It is connected to vBNS and Abilene at 70 Mbps. The chief among them is the Cyber Kansai Project. The major research areas are Internet broadcasting and video archive services.

NACSIS [ nacsis99]
NACSIS - National Center for Science Information Systems : The research activities involved are in the field of video transmission, distributed architecture ,databases  and image processing.

3.3.5 Korea

KREN [ kren99] (Korean)
 Korea Education Network
PUBNET [ pubnet99] (Korean)
Korea Public Sector Network for Internet
KREONet [ kreonet99] (Korean)
Korea Research Environment Open Network

3.3.6 China

CERNET [ cernet99]
China Education and Research Network has been established for development of national infrastructure.
CASNET [ casnet99] (Chinese)
China Academy of Science Network
Nsfcnet [ nsfcnet99]
Natural Science Foundation of China Network which aims to develop the China's first very high speed network for research purposes.
Cstnet [ Cstnet99] (Chinese)
China Science and Technology network.

3.3.7 Hongkong

HARNET [ harnet99]
Hong Kong Academic and Research NETwork – is a network for the research activities of eight tertiary institutions maintained by the Joint University Computer Center.

3.3.8 Malaysia

TEMAN [ teman99]
Testbed Environment for Malaysian Multimedia Applications and Networking. The current maximum speed achieved is 155 Mbps. This research network is involved in Multimedia applications, Performance measurement.

3.3.9 Taiwan

TANET [ tanet99]
 Taiwan Academic Network is the research network developed by the National Center for High Performance Computing of Taiwan. The maximum speed achieved so far is 622 Mbps. The research projects going on are the  FX-net Application System – a global weather monitoring system and telemedicine.
 

3.3.10Thailand

THAISARN [ thaisarn99]
Thai Social/Scientific, Academic and Research Network is the research network providing internet service to Thailand and simultaneously implementing hierarchical cache services by setting up cache/proxy servers at every organizational level. A total 112 Mbps of international bandwidth has been established.

3.4 Australia

AARNET and AARNET 2
The Australian Academic and Research Network chiefly caters to the research needs of the Australian academic community. The research activities involved are in performance measurement, routing and caching and mirroring.[ aarnet99]

AJNC
AJNC - Australia Japan network link is a joint development of Australian and the Japanese governments. It operates at a speed of 1.5 Mbps with 768 kbps committed information rate.[ ajnc99]
 

Back to Table of Contents

4.Collaboration and Interconnection of Major Research Networks

4.1 CCIRN

The CCIRN - Coordinating Committee of Intercontinental Research Networking – provides a meeting place for all international networks to organize and implement a globally connected internet. The CCIRN consists of the following working groups Caching WG (inactive), Mbone WG, Measurement WG, Security WG and QoS WG. The Mbone WG is primarily concentrating on Multicast Border Gateway Protocol (MBGP) system. The other WGs are mainly involved in coordinating the research activities in other research networks around the world. [ ccirn99]

4.2 OXYGEN

This is a major under-sea cable link project with a capacity of 2.56Tbits/sec on trans-oceanic segments.There are 76 countries involved in this project. The project’s first phase is expected to be completed in 2003. The project is in the  development stage. The chief feature of this project is nearly 90% of international telecommunications traffic is expected to be handled by this. There are to be three network management centers which will manage this network.The capacity of OXYGEN Network will be 320 Gbit/s per fiber pair. The long-haul links will each have  eight fiber pairs at the maximum. Thus each of these links in the network will be capable of carrying 256 STM-64 traffic streams. [ oxygen99]

4.3 STARTAP

STARTAP - Science Technology And Research Transit Access Point is being developed by the ANIR - Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research division of the CISE -  of NSF. STARTAP is developed to handle international vBNS connections. STARTAP is connected with the NAP [ nap99] in Chicago and thus interconnects the world’s major research and education networks. It is connected to APAN at 70 Mbps, to the CAnet at 45 Mbps which will soon be upgraded to OC-3 speed. Further it is also connected to MIRnet at 6Mbps,Nordunet at 45 Mbps, Singaren at 12 Mbps, SURFnet at 45 Mbps, TANET2 at 15 Mbps. vBNS at OC-12, NISN,NREN and ESNET at  OC-3.[ startap99]

4.4 TRANSPAC

TRANSPAC – Trans Pacific – is an initiative of the Indiana University to interconnect vBNS and Internet2 to the research networks in Asia through the STARTAP. The main research thrust of the TransPAC is in QBone. The TRANSPAC connects the APAN Tokyo-XP eXchange Point with STARTAP at 35 Mbps VBR-nrt.[ transpac99]

Back to Table of Contents

5.Third Generation Internet Initiatives

5.1 SUPERNet

SUPERNet is a wide area testbed which is composed of interoperating super-speed local networks. These networks are located in different corners of the USA and are connected by the HSCC. [ supernet99]

5.2 CANET3

This is the 3rd generation initiative of the ARDNOC in parallel with the CANET2. The aim to developing a Canadian optical internetwork with 10 GigaPOPs. CANET3 uses IP directly over DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing without the intervening ATM and SONET technologies. The network can reach upto 40Gbps in speed . The critical feature of CANET3 is the "link layer". A connection of dedicated wavelengths which uses upto 32 different colors of light through a single optical  fiber. The network spans over Canada from the west coast to the east coast. This is a network primarily built for Internet traffic and not the voice traffic. [ canet99]

Back to Table of Contents

6.Summary

    Internet is moving from its current scenario with poor service and performance to a next generation Internet with advanced features. In this paper, the next generation Internet initiatives throughout the world have been described and their salient features explained. The second generation internet initiatives like Next Generation Internet , Internet2, Asia Pacific Advanced Networks and TEN-155 have been described. The third generation internet initiatives which will be the Internet of the future like the SUPERNet and the CANET3 have been described. These next generation Internet initiatives will lead to a faster and more efficient Internet in the future.

Back to Table of Contents

7.References

The following references are organized approximately in the order of their usefulness and relevance.

1. [houweling98]Van-Houweling-D; Building the Internet's future: Internet2, ICAID and NGI [sic.: for ICAID, read UCAID]; EDUCOM-Review. vol.33, no.3; May-June 1998; p.16-20.
Note: General Information about the initiatives

2. [ dern98]Dern-DP, Mace-S; The Internet reinvented; BYTE-(International-Edition). vol.23, no.2; Feb. 1998; p.89-90, 92, 94, 96.
Note: Information about the changing Internet

3. [ mcloughlin99]McLoughlin-GJ; Next Generation Internet and related initiatives; Government-Information-Quarterly. vol.16, no.3; 1999; p.287-92.
Note: Government document summarizing the initiatives in USA.

4.. [ jamison98]Jamison-J; Nicklas-R; Miller-G; Thompson-K; Wilder-R; Cunningham-L; Song-C; vBNS: not your father's Internet; IEEE-Spectrum. vol.35, no.7; July 1998; p.38-46.
Note: Description on vBNS network topology and services.

5. [ ngoh98]Ngoh-L-H; Yeoh-FSC; Singh-M; Tham-C-K; Ananda-AL; Cheng-T-H; Lee-B-S; SingAREN: the Singapore Advanced Research and Education Network; IEEE-Communications-Magazine. vol.36, no.11; Nov. 1998; p.74-82.
Note: Scope of the SingAREN network; its topology and research.

6. [ ng98]Ng-Wai-Man-S; High speed connection between vBNS and SingAREN in Singapore; Computer-Networks-and-ISDN-Systems. vol.30, no.1-7; April 1998; p.723-6.
Note: General information about the connection between SingAREN and vBNS.

7.  [ beck98]Beck-M, Moore-T The Internet2 Distributed Storage Infrastructure project: an architecture for Internet content channels; Computer-Networks-and-ISDN-Systems. vol.30, no.22-23; 25 Nov. 1998; p.2141-8.
Note: Detailed information about Internet2 Distributed Storage Infrastructure.

8. [ teitelbaum99]Teitelbaum-B; Hares-S; Dunn-L; Neilson-R; Narayan-V; Reichmeyer-F; Internet2 QBone: building a testbed for differentiated services; IEEE-Network. vol.13, no.5; Sept.-Oct. 1999; p.8-16.
Note: Internet2's adoption of DiffServe and its motives and activities.

9. [ collins99]Collins-JC, Dunn-J, Emer-P, Johnson-M; Data express gigabit junction with the next-generation Internet; IEEE-Spectrum. vol.36, no.2; Feb. 1999; p.18-25.
Note: Description about the United State's first GigaPOP and its working.

10.[ ngi99]NGI  http://www.ngi.gov

11.[ vbns99]vBNS   http://www.vBNS.net

12.[ nren99]NREN  http://www.nren.nasa.gov

13.[ dren99]DREN http://www.hpcmo.hpc.mil/Htdocs/DREN/

14.[ nisn99]NISN http://www.nisn.nasa.gov

15.[ esnet99]ESNET http://www.es.net

16.[ nlanr99]NLANR  http://www.nlanr.net/

17.[ mren99]MREN http://www.mren.org

18.[ i299]Internet2  http://www.internet2.edu

19.[ canet99]CANET2  http://www.canet.ca

20.[ ten99]Ten-155  http://www.dante.net/ten-155.html

21.[ terena99]TERENA  http://www.terena.nl

22.[ dante99]DANTE http://www.dante.net

23.[ apan99]APAN

24.[ apii99]APII – http://www.apii.or.kr

25.[ singaren99]SINGAREN  http://www.singaren.net.sg

26.[ aarnet99]AARNET and AARNET 2 http://www.aarnet.edu.au

27.[ ajnc99]AJNC- http://www.au.apan.net/

28.[ kren99]KREN Korea Education Network http://www.kren.nm.kr(Korean)

29.[ pubnet99]PUBNET Korea Public Sector Network for Internet http://www.pubnet.ne.kr (Korean)

30.[ kreonet99]KREONet Korea Research Environment Open Network http://www.kreonet.re.kr
(Korean)

31.[ cernet99]CERNET China Education and Research Net http://www.edu.cn/cernet/index.html

32.[ casnet99]CASNET China Academy of Science Network http://www.cashq.ac.cn(Chinese)

33.[ nsfcnet99]Nsfcnet-http://www.edu.cn/HIGH/nsfc.html

34.[ Cstnet99]Cstnet- http://www.cnc.ac.cn (Chinese)

35.[ harnet99]HARNET - http://www.hku.hk/jucc/harnet.html

36.[ teman99]TEMAN - http://www.jaring.my/teman/

37.[ tanet99]TANET – http://www.nchc.gov.tw

38.[ thaisarn99] THAISARN - http://www.ntl.nectec.or.th

39.[ ccirn99]CCIRN http://www.ccirn.org

40.[ oxygen99]OXYGEN http://www.oxygen.org

41.[ startap99]STARTAP http://www.startap.net

42.[ transpac99]TRANSPAC – http://www.transpac.org

43.[ supernet99] SUPERNET - http://www.darpa.mil/ito/research/ngi/supernet.html

44.[ imnet99] IMNET - http://www.imnet.ad.jp

45.[ maffin99] MAFFIN - http://www.maffin.ad.jp

46.[ sinet99] SINET - http://www.nacsis.ac.jp/network-e.html

47.[ wide99] WIDE - http://www.wide.ad.jp

48.[ jairc99] JAIRC - http://www.internet2.edu/international/html/jairc.html

49.[ nacsis99] NACSIS - http://www.nacsis.ac.jp/

50.[ ntonc99] NTONC - http://www.ntonc.org

51.[ hscc99]  HSCC- http://www.hscc.net

52.[ onramp99]ONRAMP- http://www.ll.mit.edu/AdvancedNetworks/ngi.html

53.[ bossnet99]BOSSNET- http://www.ll.mit.edu/AdvancedNetworks/bossnet.html

54.[ atdnet99]ATDNET- http://www.atd.net

55.[ monet99] MONET- http://www.bell-labs.com/project/MONET/

56.[ cairn99]CAIRN- http://www.cairn.net

57.[ abone99]ABONE- http://www.isi.edu/abone toc

Back to Table of Contents

8.List of Acronyms

1.AARNet - Australian Academic and Research Network
2.AJNC - Australia Japan network link
3.APAN  Asia Pacific Advanced Network
4.APII - Asia Pacific Information Infrastructure
5ARDNOC- Advanced Research and Development Network Operations Center
6.CANET2 - Canadian Network
7.CCIRN - Coordinating Committee of Intercontinental Research Networking
8.DANTE - Delivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe LTD
9.DARPA- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
10.DOE-Department Of Energy
11DWDM - Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
12.GigaPOP  GIGAbit Point Of Presence
13.I2DSI - Internet2 Digital Video Network
14.I2DVN  Internet2 Digital Video Network
15.IMNET  Inter Ministry Research Information Network
16.JAIRC - Japan Advanced Internet Research Consortium
17.MAFFIN- Ministry of Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries Research Network.
18.MREN- Metropolitan Research and Educational Network
19.NACSIS - National Center for Science Information Systems
20.NAP  Network Access Point
21.NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
22.NGI - Next Generation Internet
23.NIH-National Institutes of Health
24.NISN- NASA Integrated Services Network
25.NIST - National Institute of Standards and Technology
26.NLANR - National Laboratory for Advanced Networking Research
27.NREN-National Research and Educational Network
28.NSF - National Science Foundation
29.QoS - Quality of Service
30.SINET  Science Information Network
31.STARTAP - Science Technology And Research Transit Access Point
32.TERENA - Trans European Research and Education Networking Association
33.UCAID - University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development
34.VPN - Virtual Private Networks
35.WIDE  - Widely Integrated Distributed Environment

Back to Table of Contents

9.Appendix A - Glossary

1. NAP - Network Access Point - NAP is a meeting point of ISPs for the exchange of routing information and data packets. It is a ISO-OSI datalink layer interface.

2. GigaPOP - Gigabit Point of Presence - A GigaPOP is a regional data transfer center that efficiently transfers  huge amount of data between regional, national and other networks. Because this "point of presence" (or POP) connects with the high-performance gigabit networks to transfer data, it is commonly referred to as a "GigaPOP". It is  an exchange point like the NAP but it operates on the ISO-OSI network layer where the Internet Service Providers meet their customers. A GigaPOP performs aggregation of traffic and thus provides a better quality of service and multiple services with a singe provider.

3. NGIX - Next Generation Internet eXchange points - These are the three high performance inter-exchnage points for the NGI effort built in east coast, midwest and the west coast of  US. The NGIX will support both IP and ATM level traffic exchange.
 

Back to Table of Contents

Last Modified: November 23,1999.

Note: This paper is available on-line at http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99/testbeds/index.html