View source for SSHing into your Raspberry Pi (Buster)

Secure Shell (SSH) is a way to remotely access your Pi from any computer connected to the same network as your Pi; this means you can have it running in your room while accessing it with your laptop elsewhere on campus. Unfortunately, WashU’s network system makes this more complicated than normal, so we need to set up SMTP on your Pi in order to email its IP address to you.

For the initial set up of the pi, follow this guide [[Set Up and Configure a Raspberry Pi|here]]. You will need a monitor, mouse, and keyboard for the rest of this tutorial but afterwards they will not be needed once you’re connected on another device. These items can be found in Urbauer 015-- Please use only the monitors not connected to a computer, and return everything you use to its original place after finishing. If your Pi is not a 3 or Zero W, you will also need an Ethernet cable.

== Enable SSH ==
* On the device you want to use to access your Pi, download and install the SSH client PuTTY: https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/latest.html
* Boot up your Pi. If this is the first time, you may be presented with the raspi-config menu; otherwise open the command prompt and type <font face="Courier">sudo raspi-config</font> to access it. Enable SSH and then exit with <font face="Courier">finish</font>.
* On your Pi, connect to wustl-guest-2.0 on the top right corner of your screen. Then hover over the network icon to find the Pi’s public IP address. 
[[File:Ssh-Wifi ip.png|frameless|center]]
* Open PuTTY. Where it says host name, type the IP address, omitting the “/” and everything afterwards. Make sure your device is connected to the same network.  For port number use 22 and for connection type select the SSH option. Click “open.”
[[File:Ssh-Putty.png|frameless|center]]
* Note that if you have OS X (Mac), ssh is installed by default. To use it, open Terminal and type <font face="Courier">ssh pi@<<IP address>></font> and replacing the <<IP address>> with the IP address of your Pi. Then, enter <font face="Courier">raspberry</font> as the password and follow the prompts to change your password.
* A command terminal will pop up. It may take a while for any text to show up. When prompted, type <font face="Courier">pi</font> as your login and <font face="Courier">raspberry</font> as your password, and then you should have access to the Pi’s terminal! It will then suggest you change your password, which is advisable to do as soon as possible for security reasons. 
[[File:Ssh-pi.png|frameless|center]]
* When ready, type <font face="Courier">sudo halt</font> to shut down or <font face="Courier">sudo reboot</font> to restart. Always halt before pulling the plug.

== Emailing the IP address ==
Upon future reboots the Pi may use different addresses, preventing you from SSHing into it when you don’t have access to a monitor to check it. Now we will configure the Pi to email its address to you every time it starts up.  This setup is for an installation using Raspbian Stretch, the procedure may need to be modified for other distributions.


* Update the package list:
  <font face="Courier">sudo apt-get update</font>
* Install msmtp and msmtp-mta:
  <font face="Courier">sudo apt-get install msmtp msmtp-mta</font>
* Install mailutils:
  <font face="Courier">sudo apt-get install mailutils</font>
* Type <font face="Courier">sudo nano /etc/msmtprc</font>. In the empty document add the following lines:
  <font face="Courier">
  #Generics
  defaults
  auth     on
  tls      on
  
  tls_trust_file /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  # log location
  logfile     ~/.msmtp.log
  
  #gmail
  account     gmail
  host        smtp.gmail.com
  port        587
  
  from        root@raspi-buster
  user        ese205smtp@gmail.com
  password    ASK_JIM (Not the actual password... email or ask Jim for it)
  
  account default : gmail
  </font>
[[File:Emailerconfig.png|frameless|center]]
* Save and exit by hitting ctrl+X, then y, then enter.
* If you're on campus you may experience difficulties with the wustl-2.0 WiFi network.  To remove this as a default network, first open the file containing the WiFi networks:
  <font face="Courier">
  sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
  </font>
* Then delete the lines
  <font face="Courier">
  network = {
  ssid="wustl-2.0"
  bla bla bla ...
  }
  </font>

* Now save and exit the file using Ctrl+o ENTER Ctrl+x.
* You should be able to send emails from your Pi now from the address ese205smtp@gmail.com. To test this, type <font face="Courier">echo "This is a test" | mail -s "Test" your-email@wustl.edu</font> and check your inbox.
* Type 
  <font face="Courier">sudo nano /etc/ip_emailer.sh</font>
to create a new script. In the new file, write the lines
  <font face="Courier">
  #!/bin/bash
  sleep 30
  hostname -I | mail -s "RasPi IP" your-email@wustl.edu
  </font>
[[File:Ssh-Ip-emailer.png|frameless|center]]
* Save and exit with ctrl+X.
* Make the script executable with 
  <font face="Courier">chmod +x /etc/ip_emailer.sh</font>
* To schedule this script to be run upon reboot, type 
  <font face="Courier">crontab –e</font>
* At the bottom of the script, add the line 
  <font face="Courier">@reboot /etc/ip_emailer.sh</font>
Save and exit.
[[File:Ssh-Crontab.png|frameless|center]]
* Reboot the Pi. You should receive an email containing its IP address you can now use to SSH into your Pi from anywhere on campus! If you do not receive an email, the Pi may be having trouble connecting to the network; try moving it to a different location or trying again later.

==Troubleshooting==
If your Pi suddenly stops emailing you one day and you are sure the network is fine, and running <font face="Courier">echo "This is a test" | mail -s "Test" your-email@wustl.edu</font> in the terminal gives you errors, try reinstalling mailutils and ssmpt:
  <font face="Courier">
  $ sudo apt-get remove mailutils
  $ sudo apt-get remove ssmtp
  $ sudo apt-get install mailutils
  $ sudo apt-get install ssmtp
  </font>
And test it again.

If your Pi stops emailing you and you are off the school's network, and running <font face="Courier">echo "This is a test" | mail -s "Test" your-email@wustl.edu</font> in the terminal gives you authentication errors, you may need to add a new device to the ese205smtp@gmail.com account.  To do this, log onto the ese205smtp gmail account and then visit https://g.co/allowaccess so that Google expects a new device to log into the email account.  After you visit this page test the emailer again.

== Beyond the Command Prompt ==
If you wish to access the full Pi desktop and not just the command prompt from your laptop, follow [[Autostarting Raspberry Pi Using VNC Viewer|this guide]] to set up a VNC server.

== Setup Script ==
This script was written to automate the process above.  It was written for 
the Buster distribution and may need to be modified for other versions.

[[File: Setup_ip_emailing_2.bash]]


[[Category:HowTos]]
[[Category:Raspberry_Pi]]