Linux - Revision history

Zach: /* Adding a User to the Sudoers List */

2024-01-23T04:07:12Z

Adding a User to the Sudoers List

Zach: /* Setting File Permissions */

2024-01-23T03:34:37Z

Setting File Permissions

Zach: /* Repository-Based Package Managers */

2023-01-10T05:28:47Z

Repository-Based Package Managers

Zach: /* Adding a New User */

2023-01-10T05:27:51Z

Adding a New User

Todd: /* Command Reference */

2021-05-19T21:54:19Z

Command Reference

Todd: /* Linux Distributions */

2020-01-12T19:28:21Z

Linux Distributions

Alex: Removed Ubuntu support

2017-08-24T16:45:23Z

Removed Ubuntu support

Alex: Added HTTPS to links where appropriate.

2017-02-19T16:06:13Z

Added HTTPS to links where appropriate.

James: /* Linux Distributions */

2017-01-18T15:54:43Z

Linux Distributions

Todd at 18:21, 7 November 2015

2015-11-07T18:21:07Z

@@ Line 178: / Line 178: @@
 <!-- AS of 02/19/2017, this link isn't available in HTTPS. -->
-In this case, '''alice''' will be able to run any command with SUDO privileges on the computer.   For more detail on SUDO configuration, see http://www.linuxhelp.net/guides/sudo/
+In this case, '''alice''' will be able to run any command with SUDO privileges on the computer.
 '''Note:''' The visudo utility is especially useful because it not only locks the sudoers file against simultaneous edits, but it also checks the file for syntax errors when you quit. Therefore, it is always recommended that you use visudo to change the sudoers list rather than attempting to modify it directly.

@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
 </source>
-For more information, see https://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/760276-how-to-manage-file-and-folder-permissions-in-linux
+For more information, see https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/how-manage-file-and-folder-permissions-linux/
 === The . and .. Directories ===

@@ Line 238: / Line 238: @@
 <source lang="bash>
-yum install package-name
+yum install <package-name>
 </source>
-If you get a permission denied error, try sudoing the command, like '''sudo apt-get install xxxx'''
+If you get a permission denied error, try sudoing the command, like '''sudo apt-get install <xxxx>'''
 For example, this is how you would install ''lynx'', a command-line web browser, in your RHEL Linux distribution:

@@ Line 154: / Line 154: @@
 <source lang="bash">
-$ sudo useradd -r -m -c "My Full Name" myUserName
+$ sudo useradd -r -m -c "<My Full Name>" <myUserName>
-$ sudo passwd myUserName
+$ sudo passwd <myUserName>
 Enter new UNIX password:
 Retype new UNIX password:

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 19 May 2021
Line 309:		Line 309:

	== Command Reference ==		== Command Reference ==
−	~~{{XKCD~~
−	~~\|id=196~~
−	~~\|name=command_line_fu~~
−	}}
−
	Earlier, you saw that '''cat''' is a command that shows the contents of a file. Below is a list of other useful commands in Linux.		Earlier, you saw that '''cat''' is a command that shows the contents of a file. Below is a list of other useful commands in Linux.

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 There are hundreds of distributions of Linux.  Three of the main branches are [[wikipedia:Debian|Debian]], [[wikipedia:SuSE|SuSE]] (based on [[wikipedia:Slackware|Slackware]]), and [[wikipedia:Red Hat Enterprise Linux|Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)]].
 For CSE 330, you'll be using a version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
 === Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ===

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 The open-source community is responsible for the development of many different [[wikipedia:Linux distributions|distributions]] of Linux.  Distributions, or ''distros'', are different "flavors" of the Linux operating system with different objectives.
-There are hundreds of distributions of Linux.  Three of the main banches are [[wikipedia:Debian|Debian]], [[wikipedia:SuSE|SuSE]] (based on [[wikipedia:Slackware|Slackware]]), and [[wikipedia:Red Hat Enterprise Linux|Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)]].
+There are hundreds of distributions of Linux.  Three of the main branches are [[wikipedia:Debian|Debian]], [[wikipedia:SuSE|SuSE]] (based on [[wikipedia:Slackware|Slackware]]), and [[wikipedia:Red Hat Enterprise Linux|Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)]].
-The sections below discuss two of these branches and give recommendations of Linux distributions suitable for a web server.  The CSE330 wiki provides instructions for both Debian-based and RHEL-based Linux distributions, so the choice of which to use is up to you. That being said, the majority of TAs have experience with Debian-based distributions. You may find better support while troubleshooting if you choose Ubuntu.
+For CSE 330, you'll be using a version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
 === Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ===
@@ Line 168: / Line 162: @@
 '''Note:''' If Linux doesn't like your command, first check your syntax and then try it with single quotes around your full name and password instead of double quotes. If this works it is likely that you used some special characters in your password such as '!', which serves a special purpose in the shell. This is because Linux takes parameters enclosed in double quotes as one string, but still looks for special characters inside of the string and acts in accordance with their normal meaning. On the other hand, single quotes tell the shell to ignore any special characters within.
 === Adding a User to the Sudoers List ===
@@ Line 207: / Line 194: @@
 In order to avoid setting your system's time manually at every daylight savings change, you can use a Network Time Server via the Network Time Protocol (NTP).
-The NTP Daemon comes pre-installed on EC2 AMI instances.  To install it on Debian, install the '''ntp''' package from apt.
+The NTP Daemon comes pre-installed on EC2 AMI instances.
 {{RequiredInstructions|content=
@@ Line 229: / Line 216: @@
 == Installing Software ==
-The package management tool in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and therefore also your Amazon EC2 instance) is '''rpm'''.  (In Debian, it is '''dpkg'''.)  If you have an ''rpm'' package, you can install it by
+The package management tool in Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and therefore also your Amazon EC2 instance) is '''rpm'''.   If you have an ''rpm'' package, you can install it by
 <source lang="bash">
@@ Line 240: / Line 227: @@
 === Repository-Based Package Managers ===
-A better alternative is to use a repository-based package manager.  In RHEL, this is '''yum'''; in Debian, it is '''apt'''.
+A better alternative is to use a repository-based package manager.  In RHEL, this is '''yum'''.
-Before you install new software, you need to ensure that your local list of available packages is up-to-date.  Run one of the following commands to perform this operation:
+Before you install new software, you need to ensure that your local list of available packages is up-to-date.  Run the following commands to perform this operation:
-* In RHEL: '''yum check-update'''
+<source lang="bash>
-* In Debian: '''apt-get update'''
+yum check-update
-After you have ensured that your package list is synced with the remote repository, you can start installing packages.  To install a package, use one of the following commands:
+After you have ensured that your package list is synced with the remote repository, you can start installing packages.  To install a package, the following command:
-* In RHEL: '''yum install package-name'''
+<source lang="bash>
-* In Debian: '''apt-get install package-name'''
+yum install package-name
 If you get a permission denied error, try sudoing the command, like '''sudo apt-get install xxxx'''
@@ Line 299: / Line 288: @@
 To save you some headaches later on, it is recommended that you install a few essential package bundles when you first create a new Linux instance.  These packages include things like Make and a C compiler.
 '''RHEL:'''
@@ Line 318: / Line 302: @@
 You can search for packages by name, command, and so on.  For example, to search for all packages relating to "lynx", you could do:
 '''RHEL:'''

@@ Line 190: / Line 190: @@
 When you are finished, save and close the file.  For more information on editing files on the command line, refer to [[#File Editors|the section about File Editors in this guide]].
 In this case, '''alice''' will be able to run any command with SUDO privileges on the computer.   For more detail on SUDO configuration, see http://www.linuxhelp.net/guides/sudo/
@@ Line 454: / Line 455: @@
 To save and then close your file, type the command ''':wq'''.  (To close the file without saving, use the command ''':q!''')
-For more vi commands, see http://ss64.com/vi.html
 ==== Emacs ====

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:21, 7 November 2015
Line 531:		Line 531:
	[http://students.cec.wustl.edu/~jg18/guide/ Making the Transition to Linux: A Guide to the Linux Command Line Interface for Students]		[http://students.cec.wustl.edu/~jg18/guide/ Making the Transition to Linux: A Guide to the Linux Command Line Interface for Students]

−	~~== Performance Evaluation Resources ==~~
−	~~[http://www.brendangregg.com/linuxperf.html Comprehensive list of tools]~~

−	~~[http://alvinalexander.com/linux/unix-linux-top-command-cpu-memory Linux Top Command]~~
−
−	~~[https://www.thomas-krenn.com/en/wiki/Linux_Performance_Measurements_using_vmstat Linux Performance Measurements using vmstat]~~
−
−	~~[http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2013/07/25/understanding-cpu-steal-time-when-should-you-be-worried CPU Steal Time]~~
	[[Category:Module 2]]		[[Category:Module 2]]