Product: ABAQUS/Standard
Elements are tested for different load cases using the *CLOAD, *DLOAD, and *DSLOAD options. Different types of analyses (linear and nonlinear) are studied. Both elastic and hyperelastic material models are used.
Mesh:
The mesh presented above is used for elements with a rectangular cross-section. For elements with a triangular cross-section, two elements are used for each element represented above. The axis of symmetry is the z-axis.
Material:Linear elasticity: Linear elastic, Young's modulus = 30 × 106, Poisson's ratio = 0.3. Hyperelasticity: Hyperelastic, polynomial strain energy potential, N=2, 
= 1 × 105, 
= 0.5 × 105, 
= 0.5 × 105, 
= 0.8 × 105, 
= 0.75 × 105, 
= 1 × 10–7, 
= 1 × 10–7.
Boundary conditions:
CASE 1
CASE 2
CASE 3
CASE 4
Loading:
CASE 1: *CLOAD
CASE 2: *DLOAD
CASE 3: *DSLOAD
CASE 4: *CLOAD
(See previous figures)
The results are compared to the results obtained using axisymmetric elements. CCL9 elements are compared to CAX3 (and CGAX3, when appropriate), CCL12 elements are compared to CAX4 (and CGAX4, when appropriate), CCL18 elements are compared to CAX6 (and CGAX6, when appropriate), and CCL24 are compared to CAX8 (and CGAX8, when appropriate). Cylindrical elements and axisymmetric elements yield the same results with differences less than 2%.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, general step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL9H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, general step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL9H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, general step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL9H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, general step, elastic material.
CCL9 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL9H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, perturbation step with *LOAD CASE, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, general step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL12H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, general step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, additional linear perturbation step with *LOAD CASE, elastic material.
CCL12H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, general step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL12H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, general step, elastic material.
CCL12 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL12H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, general step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL18H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, general step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL18H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, general step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL18H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, general step, elastic material.
CCL18 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL18H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, general step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, general step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, general step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, general step, elastic material.
CCL24 elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24H elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, general step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24RH elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 1, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, general step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24RH elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 2, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, general step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24RH elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 3, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, perturbation step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, general step, elastic material.
CCL24R elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, elastic material.
CCL24RH elements, load and boundary conditions of Case 4, assumed nonlinear geometry, hyperelastic material.