23.2.2 Truss element library

Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit ABAQUS/CAE

References

Element types

2-D stress/displacement truss elements

T2D2 2-node linear displacement
T2D2H^(S)     2-node linear displacement, hybrid
T2D3^(S)     3-node quadratic displacement
T2D3H^(S)     3-node quadratic displacement, hybrid

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2

Additional solution variables

Element type T2D2H has one additional variable and element type T2D3H has two additional variables relating to axial force.

3-D stress/displacement truss elements

T3D2 2-node linear displacement
T3D2H^(S)     2-node linear displacement, hybrid
T3D3^(S)     3-node quadratic displacement
T3D3H^(S)     3-node quadratic displacement, hybrid

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 3

Additional solution variables

Element type T3D2H has one additional variable and element type T3D3H has two additional variables relating to axial force.

2-D coupled temperature-displacement truss elements

T2D2T^(S) 2-node, linear displacement, linear temperature
T2D3T^(S) 3-node, quadratic displacement, linear temperature

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2 at middle node for T2D3T

1, 2, 11 at all other nodes

Additional solution variables

None.

3-D coupled temperature-displacement truss elements

T3D2T^(S) 2-node, linear displacement, linear temperature
T3D3T^(S) 3-node, quadratic displacement, linear temperature

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 3 at middle node for T3D3T

1, 2, 3, 11 at all other nodes

Additional solution variables

None.

2-D piezoelectric truss elements

T2D2E^(S) 2-node, linear displacement, linear electric potential
T2D3E^(S) 3-node, quadratic displacement, quadratic electric potential

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 9

Additional solution variables

None.

3-D piezoelectric truss elements

T3D2E^(S) 2-node, linear displacement, linear electric potential
T3D3E^(S) 3-node, quadratic displacement, quadratic electric potential

Active degrees of freedom

1, 2, 3, 9

Additional solution variables

None.

Nodal coordinates required

2-D: X, Y

3-D: X, Y, Z

Element property definition

You must provide the cross-sectional area of the element. If no area is given, ABAQUS assumes unit area.

Input File Usage:

*SOLID SECTION

ABAQUS/CAE Usage:

Property module: Create Section: select Beam as the section Category and Truss as the section Type

Element-based loading

Distributed loads

Distributed loads are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in “Distributed loads,” Section 27.4.3.

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BX

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Body force in global X-direction.

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BY

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Body force in global Y-direction.

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZ

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Body force in global Z-direction. (Only for 3-D trusses.)

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BXNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in global X-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit.

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BYNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in global Y-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit.

Load ID (*DLOAD):  BZNU

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body force

Units:  FL^–3

Description:  Nonuniform body force in global Z-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in ABAQUS/Standard and VDLOAD in ABAQUS/Explicit. (Only for 3-D trusses.)

Load ID (*DLOAD):  CENT^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–4 (ML^–3T^–2)

Description:  Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity).

Load ID (*DLOAD):  CENTRIF^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Rotational body force

Units:  T^–2

Description:  Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as , where is the angular velocity).

Load ID (*DLOAD):  CORIO^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–4T (ML^–3T^–1)

Description:  Coriolis force (magnitude is input as , where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity).

Load ID (*DLOAD):  GRAV

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Gravity

Units:  LT^–2

Description:  Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration).

Load ID (*DLOAD):  ROTA^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Rotational body force

Units:  T^–2

Description:  Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as , where is the rotary acceleration).

ABAQUS/Aqua loads

ABAQUS/Aqua loads are specified as described in “ABAQUS/Aqua analysis,” Section 6.10.1. They are available only for stress/displacement trusses.

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FDD

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–1

Description:  Transverse fluid drag load.

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FD1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid drag force on the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FD2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid drag force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FDT

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–1

Description:  Tangential fluid drag load.

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–1

Description:  Fluid inertia load.

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid inertia force on the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  FI2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Fluid inertia force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  PB

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–1

Description:  Buoyancy load (with closed end condition).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WDD

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  FL^–1

Description:  Transverse wind drag load.

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WD1

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Wind drag force on the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*CLOAD/ *DLOAD):  WD2

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  F

Description:  Wind drag force on the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Distributed heat fluxes

Distributed heat fluxes are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in “Thermal loads,” Section 27.4.4.

Load ID (*DFLUX):  BF^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body heat flux

Units:  JL^–3 T^–1

Description:  Heat body flux per unit volume.

Load ID (*DFLUX):  BFNU^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body heat flux

Units:  JL^–3 T^–1

Description:  Nonuniform heat body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

Load ID (*DFLUX):  S1^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1

Description:  Heat surface flux per unit area into the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*DFLUX):  S2^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1

Description:  Heat surface flux per unit area into the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Load ID (*DFLUX):  S1NU^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1

Description:  Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into the first end of the truss (node 1) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

Load ID (*DFLUX):  S2NU^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1

Description:  Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

Film conditions

Film conditions are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in “Thermal loads,” Section 27.4.4.

Load ID (*FILM):  F1^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1^–1

Description:  Film coefficient and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*FILM):  F2^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1^–1

Description:  Film coefficient and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Load ID (*FILM):  F1NU^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1^–1

Description:  Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM.

Load ID (*FILM):  F2NU^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  JL^–2 T^–1^–1

Description:  Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM.

Radiation types

Radiation conditions are available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses. They are specified as described in “Thermal loads,” Section 27.4.4.

Load ID (*RADIATE):  R1^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  Dimensionless

Description:  Emissivity and sink temperature at the first end of the truss (node 1).

Load ID (*RADIATE):  R2^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Not supported

Units:  Dimensionless

Description:  Emissivity and sink temperature at the second end of the truss (node 2 or node 3).

Electric fluxes

Electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric trusses. They are specified as described in “Piezoelectric analysis,” Section 6.6.3.

Load ID (*DECHARGE):  EBF^(S)

ABAQUS/CAE Load/Interaction:  Body charge

Units:  CL^–3

Description:  Body flux per unit volume.

Element output

Stress, strain, and other tensor components

Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows:

S11	Axial stress.

Heat flux components

Available for coupled temperature-displacement trusses.

HFL1	Heat flux along the element axis.