A.6 Crushing of a tube

tube_buckle.inp

*HEADING
Tube crush (x-direction) -- buckling analysis
Tube dimensions:  0.4m x 0.1m x 0.1m
SI units (kg, m, s, N)
*NODE
33,  0.0 , 0.05, -0.05
833, 0.0 , 0.05,  0.05
1633, 0.0,  -0.05, 0.05
2433, 0.0,  -0.05, -0.05
3233, 0.0, 0.05, -0.05
**
*NODE, NSET=TOP
1,   0.4, 0.05,  -0.05
101, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0375
201, 0.4, 0.05, -0.025
301, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0125
401, 0.4, 0.05,   0.0
501, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0125 
601, 0.4, 0.05,  0.025
701, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0375
801, 0.4, 0.05,  0.05
**
901, 0.4,  0.0375,  0.05
1001, 0.4, 0.025,  0.05
1101, 0.4, 0.0125,  0.05
1201, 0.4, 0.0,  0.05
1301, 0.4, -0.0125, 0.05
1401, 0.4, -0.025, 0.05
1501, 0.4, -0.0375, 0.05
1601, 0.4, -0.05, 0.05
**
1701, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0375 
1801, 0.4, -0.05,  0.025
1901, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0125
2001, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0
2101, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0125
2201, 0.4, -0.05, -0.025
2301, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0375
2401, 0.4, -0.05, -0.05
**	    
2501, 0.4, -0.0375,  -0.05 
2601, 0.4, -0.025,  -0.05
2701, 0.4, -0.0125,  -0.05
2801, 0.4,  0.0,  -0.05
2901, 0.4,  0.0125,  -0.05
3001, 0.4,  0.025,  -0.05
3101, 0.4,  0.0375,  -0.05
3201, 0.4,  0.05,  -0.05
**
*NGEN, NSET=BOT
33, 833,    100
833, 1633,  100
1633, 2433, 100
2433, 3233, 100
*NSET, NSET=BOT_1, GEN
33, 3133, 100
**
*NFILL, NSET=ALL
TOP, BOT, 32, 1
**
** SHELL ELEMENT DEFINITIONS
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YPOS
1, 1, 2, 102, 101
*ELGEN, ELSET=YPOS
1, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 801,802,902,901
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 1601, 1602, 1702, 1701
*ELGEN, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 2401,2402,2502,2501
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 32, 1, 1, 7, 100, 100
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 3101, 3102, 2, 1
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 32, 1, 1
**
*ELSET, ELSET=TUBE
ZPOS, ZNEG, YPOS, YNEG
**
*SHELL SECTION,ELSET=TUBE,MATERIAL=STEEL
0.001,3
**
** MATERIAL BEHAVIOR
**
*MATERIAL,NAME=STEEL
*ELASTIC
207.E9,.3
*PLASTIC
1.587E8,0.0
1.631E8,0.015
1.863E8,0.033
1.932E8,0.044
2.020E8,0.062
2.070E8,1.500
*DENSITY
7800.,
**
** RIGID SURFACE ELEMENTS
**
*NODE
20000, 0.41,  0.0,  0.0
20001, 0.4, -0.1, 0.1
20002, 0.4,  0.1, 0.1
20003, 0.4,  0.1,-0.1
20004, 0.4, -0.1,-0.1
**
30000, -0.1,  0.0,  0.0
30001, 0.0, -0.1,  0.1
30002, 0.0,  0.1,  0.1
30003, 0.0,  0.1, -0.1
30004, 0.0, -0.1, -0.1
*NSET,NSET=REFTOP
20000,
*NSET,NSET=REFBOT
30000,
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGTOP
20001,20001,20002,20003,20004
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGTOP,REFNODE=20000
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGBOT
30001,30001,30004,30003,30002
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGBOT,REFNODE=30000
**
** MASS FOR RIGID BODIES
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=MASS,ELSET=MASS
35001,30000
**
*MASS,ELSET=MASS
500.,
**
** Dummy spring to remove eigenvalue clusters
** to reduce sensitivity for QA purposes
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=SPRING1,ELSET=SPRINGDUMMY
35002,605
*SPRING,ELSET=SPRINGDUMMY
2,
1.e3,
**
** MISC NSETS AND ELSETS
**
*NSET, NSET=PRIN
TOP, REFTOP, BOT, REFBOT
**
** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
**
*BOUNDARY
REFTOP, 1,6
REFBOT, 2,6
**
** RIGID SURFACES
**
*SURFACE, NAME=TOPSU
RIGTOP, SPOS
*SURFACE, NAME=BOTSU
RIGBOT, SPOS
**
** IMPACT CONTACT
**
*SURFACE, TYPE=NODE, NAME=TOP
TOP,
*CONTACT PAIR, ADJUST=.01, INTERACTION=TUBE
TOP, TOPSU
**
*SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=TUBE
**
** BOTTOM CONTACT 
**
*SURFACE, TYPE=NODE, NAME=BOT
BOT_1,
** the bottom end of the tube is fixed to the bottom rigid plate
*TIE, NAME=FIXEDBOTTOM, POSITION TOLERANCE=0.01, ADJUST=YES
BOT, BOTSU
**
**
** HISTORY DEFINITION
*STEP
Buckling analysis of the tube
*BUCKLE,EIGENSOLVER=SUBSPACE
10,
*CLOAD
REFBOT, 1, 500
*NODE FILE
U,
*OUTPUT, FIELD, VARIABLE=PRESELECT, FREQUENCY=1
*NODE PRINT, FREQUENCY=0
*EL PRINT, FREQUENCY=0
*END STEP

tube_crush.inp

*HEADING
Tube crush (x-direction) -- crushing analysis
Tube dimensions:  0.4m x 0.1m x 0.1m
SI units (kg, m, s, N)
*NODE
33,  0.0 , 0.05, -0.05
833, 0.0 , 0.05,  0.05
1633, 0.0,  -0.05, 0.05
2433, 0.0,  -0.05, -0.05
3233, 0.0, 0.05, -0.05
**
*NODE, NSET=TOP
1,   0.4, 0.05,  -0.05
101, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0375
201, 0.4, 0.05, -0.025
301, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0125
401, 0.4, 0.05,   0.0
501, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0125 
601, 0.4, 0.05,  0.025
701, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0375
801, 0.4, 0.05,  0.05
**
901, 0.4,  0.0375,  0.05
1001, 0.4, 0.025,  0.05
1101, 0.4, 0.0125,  0.05
1201, 0.4, 0.0,  0.05
1301, 0.4, -0.0125, 0.05
1401, 0.4, -0.025, 0.05
1501, 0.4, -0.0375, 0.05
1601, 0.4, -0.05, 0.05
**
1701, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0375 
1801, 0.4, -0.05,  0.025
1901, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0125
2001, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0
2101, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0125
2201, 0.4, -0.05, -0.025
2301, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0375
2401, 0.4, -0.05, -0.05
**	    
2501, 0.4, -0.0375,  -0.05 
2601, 0.4, -0.025,  -0.05
2701, 0.4, -0.0125,  -0.05
2801, 0.4,  0.0,  -0.05
2901, 0.4,  0.0125,  -0.05
3001, 0.4,  0.025,  -0.05
3101, 0.4,  0.0375,  -0.05
3201, 0.4,  0.05,  -0.05
**
*NGEN, NSET=BOT
33, 833,    100
833, 1633,  100
1633, 2433, 100
2433, 3233, 100
**
*NFILL, NSET=ALL
TOP, BOT, 32, 1
*NSET,NSET=QA_TEST
ALL,
**
** SHELL ELEMENT DEFINITIONS
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YPOS
1, 1, 2, 102, 101
*ELGEN, ELSET=YPOS
1, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 801,802,902,901
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 1601, 1602, 1702, 1701
*ELGEN, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 2401,2402,2502,2501
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 32, 1, 1, 7, 100, 100
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 3101, 3102, 2, 1
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 32, 1, 1
**
*ELSET, ELSET=TUBE
ZPOS, ZNEG, YPOS, YNEG
**
*SHELL SECTION,ELSET=TUBE,MATERIAL=STEEL
0.001,3
**
** MATERIAL BEHAVIOR
**
*MATERIAL,NAME=STEEL
*ELASTIC
207.E9,.3
*PLASTIC
1.587E8,0.0
1.631E8,0.015
1.863E8,0.033
1.932E8,0.044
2.020E8,0.062
2.070E8,1.500
*DENSITY
7800.,
**
** RIGID BODY ELEMENTS
**
*NODE
20000, 0.41,  0.0,  0.0
20001, 0.4, -0.1, 0.1
20002, 0.4,  0.1, 0.1
20003, 0.4,  0.1,-0.1
20004, 0.4, -0.1,-0.1
**
30000, -0.01,  0.0,  0.0
30001, 0.0, -0.1,  0.1
30002, 0.0,  0.1,  0.1
30003, 0.0,  0.1, -0.1
30004, 0.0, -0.1, -0.1
*NSET,NSET=REFTOP
20000,
*NSET,NSET=REFBOT
30000,
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGTOP
20001,20001,20002,20003,20004
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGTOP,REFNODE=20000
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGBOT
30001,30001,30004,30003,30002
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGBOT,REFNODE=30000
**
** MASS FOR RIGID BODIES
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=MASS,ELSET=MASS
35001,30000
**
*MASS,ELSET=MASS
500.,
**
** MISC NSETS AND ELSETS
**
*NSET, NSET=PRIN
TOP, REFTOP, BOT, REFBOT
**
*INITIAL CONDITIONS,TYPE=VELOCITY
** 1 mph = 0.44701 m/s
** 20 mph = 8.9408 m/s
REFBOT,1,8.9408
ALL,1,8.9408
**
** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
**
*BOUNDARY
REFTOP, 1,6
REFBOT, 2,6
**
** IMPERFECTIONS BASED ON BUCKLING MODES
**
*IMPERFECTION, FILE=tube_buckle, STEP=1
1, 2.0E-5
2, 0.25E-5
3, 0.25E-5
4, 0.18E-5
5, 0.16E-5
6, 0.10E-5
7, 0.10E-5
8, 0.08E-5
9, 0.02E-5
10, 0.02E-5
**
**
*SURFACE, NAME=TOPSU
RIGTOP, SPOS
*SURFACE, NAME=BOTSU
RIGBOT, SPOS
*SURFACE, NAME=TUBE
TUBE,
**
** BOTTOM CONTACT 
**
*SURFACE, TYPE=NODE, NAME=BOT
BOT,
** the bottom end of the tube is fixed to the bottom rigid plate
*TIE, NAME=FIXEDBOTTOM, POSITION TOLERANCE=0.01, ADJUST=YES
BOT, BOTSU
**
** HISTORY DEFINITON
**
*STEP
Impact of square tube with free deceleration
Initial velocity=8.9408m/s (20mph)
*DYNAMIC, EXPLICIT
,0.03
**
** SELF CONTACT
**
*CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=SELF
TUBE,
*SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=SELF
*FRICTION
0.1,
**
** IMPACT CONTACT
**   
** faces of the rail (both inside and out) near the impact wall
** may contact the wall
*CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=IMPACT
TUBE, TOPSU
*SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=IMPACT
**
**
*OUTPUT, HISTORY, TIME INTERVAL=0.00008
*ENERGY OUTPUT 
ALLWK, ALLKE, ETOTAL, ALLPD, ALLIE, ALLVD, ALLAE, ALLSE
*NODE OUTPUT, NSET=PRIN
U, V, A, RF1, RF2, RF3
*MONITOR, NODE=30000, DOF=1
*OUTPUT, FIELD, VARIABLE=PRESELECT, NUMBER INTERVAL=20
**********************************
** OUTPUT FOR ABAQUS QA PURPOSES
**********************************
*FILE OUTPUT, NUMBER INTERVAL=1
*ENERGY FILE
*NODE FILE
U,
********************************
*OUTPUT,FIELD,NUM=1
*NODE OUTPUT,NSET=QA_TEST
U,
*END STEP

tube_crush_noimper.inp

*HEADING
Tube crush (x-direction) -- crushing analysis
Tube dimensions:  0.4m x 0.1m x 0.1m
SI units (kg, m, s, N)
*NODE
33,  0.0 , 0.05, -0.05
833, 0.0 , 0.05,  0.05
1633, 0.0,  -0.05, 0.05
2433, 0.0,  -0.05, -0.05
3233, 0.0, 0.05, -0.05
**
*NODE, NSET=TOP
1,   0.4, 0.05,  -0.05
101, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0375
201, 0.4, 0.05, -0.025
301, 0.4, 0.05, -0.0125
401, 0.4, 0.05,   0.0
501, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0125 
601, 0.4, 0.05,  0.025
701, 0.4, 0.05,  0.0375
801, 0.4, 0.05,  0.05
**
901, 0.4,  0.0375,  0.05
1001, 0.4, 0.025,  0.05
1101, 0.4, 0.0125,  0.05
1201, 0.4, 0.0,  0.05
1301, 0.4, -0.0125, 0.05
1401, 0.4, -0.025, 0.05
1501, 0.4, -0.0375, 0.05
1601, 0.4, -0.05, 0.05
**
1701, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0375 
1801, 0.4, -0.05,  0.025
1901, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0125
2001, 0.4, -0.05,  0.0
2101, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0125
2201, 0.4, -0.05, -0.025
2301, 0.4, -0.05, -0.0375
2401, 0.4, -0.05, -0.05
**	    
2501, 0.4, -0.0375,  -0.05 
2601, 0.4, -0.025,  -0.05
2701, 0.4, -0.0125,  -0.05
2801, 0.4,  0.0,  -0.05
2901, 0.4,  0.0125,  -0.05
3001, 0.4,  0.025,  -0.05
3101, 0.4,  0.0375,  -0.05
3201, 0.4,  0.05,  -0.05
**
*NGEN, NSET=BOT
33, 833,    100
833, 1633,  100
1633, 2433, 100
2433, 3233, 100
**
*NFILL, NSET=ALL
TOP, BOT, 32, 1
**
** SHELL ELEMENT DEFINITIONS
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YPOS
1, 1, 2, 102, 101
*ELGEN, ELSET=YPOS
1, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 801,802,902,901
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZPOS
801, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 1601, 1602, 1702, 1701
*ELGEN, ELSET=YNEG
1601, 32, 1, 1, 8, 100, 100
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 2401,2402,2502,2501
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
2401, 32, 1, 1, 7, 100, 100
*ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 3101, 3102, 2, 1
*ELGEN, ELSET=ZNEG
3101, 32, 1, 1
**
*ELSET, ELSET=TUBE
ZPOS, ZNEG, YPOS, YNEG
**
*SHELL SECTION,ELSET=TUBE,MATERIAL=STEEL
0.001,3
**
** MATERIAL BEHAVIOR
**
*MATERIAL,NAME=STEEL
*ELASTIC
 207.E9, 0.3
*PLASTIC
 1.587E8, 0.000
 1.631E8, 0.015
 1.863E8, 0.033
 1.932E8, 0.044
 2.020E8, 0.062
 2.070E8, 1.500
*DENSITY
 7800.,
**
** RIGID BODY ELEMENTS
*NODE
20000, 0.41,  0.0,  0.0
20001, 0.4, -0.1, 0.1
20002, 0.4,  0.1, 0.1
20003, 0.4,  0.1,-0.1
20004, 0.4, -0.1,-0.1
**
30000, -0.01,  0.0,  0.0
30001, 0.0, -0.1,  0.1
30002, 0.0,  0.1,  0.1
30003, 0.0,  0.1, -0.1
30004, 0.0, -0.1, -0.1
*NSET,NSET=REFTOP
20000,
*NSET,NSET=REFBOT
30000,
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGTOP
20001,20001,20002,20003,20004
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGTOP,REFNODE=20000
**
*ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D4,ELSET=RIGBOT
30001,30001,30004,30003,30002
**
*RIGID BODY,ELSET=RIGBOT,REFNODE=30000
**
** MASS FOR RIGID BODIES
**
*ELEMENT,TYPE=MASS,ELSET=MASS
35001,30000
**
*MASS,ELSET=MASS
500.,
**
** MISC NSETS AND ELSETS
**
*NSET, NSET=PRIN
TOP, REFTOP, BOT, REFBOT
**
*INITIAL CONDITIONS,TYPE=VELOCITY
** 1 mph = 0.44701 m/s
** 20 mph = 8.9408 m/s
REFBOT,1,8.9408
ALL,1,8.9408
**
** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
**
*BOUNDARY
REFTOP, 1,6
REFBOT, 2,6
**
**
*SURFACE, NAME=TOPSU
RIGTOP, SPOS
*SURFACE, NAME=BOTSU
RIGBOT, SPOS
*SURFACE, NAME=TUBE
TUBE,
**
** BOTTOM CONTACT 
**
*SURFACE, TYPE=NODE, NAME=BOT
BOT,
** the bottom end of the tube is fixed to the bottom rigid plate
*TIE, NAME=FIXEDBOTTOM, POSITION TOLERANCE=0.01, ADJUST=YES
BOT, BOTSU
**
** HISTORY DEFINITON
**
*STEP
Impact of square tube with free deceleration
Initial velocity=8.9408m/s (20mph)
*DYNAMIC, EXPLICIT, ELEMENT BY ELEMENT
,0.03
**
** SELF CONTACT
*CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=SELF
 TUBE,
*SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=SELF
*FRICTION
 0.1,
**
** IMPACT CONTACT   
** faces of the rail (both inside and out) near the impact wall
** may contact the wall
*CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=IMPACT
 TUBE, TOPSU
*SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=IMPACT
**
*MONITOR,NODE=30000,DOF=1
*OUTPUT, FIELD, VAR=PRESELECT, NUMBER INTERVAL=5
**
** OUTPUT FOR ABAQUS QA PURPOSES
*NSET, NSET=QA_TEST
ALL,
*OUTPUT, FIELD, NUM=1
*NODE OUTPUT, NSET=QA_TEST
U,
*OUTPUT, HISTORY, VAR=PRESELECT, TIME INTERVAL=0.01
*END STEP