Trademarks and Legal Notices

CAUTIONARY NOTICE TO USERS:

This manual is intended for qualified users who will exercise sound engineering judgment and expertise in the use of the ABAQUS Software. The ABAQUS Software is inherently complex, and the examples and procedures in this manual are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular situation. Users are cautioned to satisfy themselves as to the accuracy and results of their analyses.

ABAQUS, Inc. will not be responsible for the accuracy or usefulness of any analysis performed using the ABAQUS Software or the procedures, examples, or explanations in this manual. ABAQUS, Inc. shall not be responsible for the consequences of any errors or omissions that may appear in this manual.

ABAQUS, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ABAQUS, INC. OR ITS THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) EVEN IF ABAQUS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

The ABAQUS Software described in this manual is available only under license from ABAQUS, Inc. and may be used or reproduced only in accordance with the terms of such license.

This manual and the software described in this manual are subject to change without prior notice.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or distributed in any form without prior written permission of ABAQUS, Inc.

©ABAQUS, Inc. 2004. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

U.S. GOVERNMENT USERS: The ABAQUS Software and its documentation are “commercial items,” specifically “commercial computer software” and “commercial computer software documentation,” and consistent with FAR 12.212 and DFARS 227.7202, as applicable, are provided under license to the U.S. Government, with restricted rights.

TRADEMARK AND LICENSE NOTICES

The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of ABAQUS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries: ABAQUS, ABAQUS/Standard, ABAQUS/Explicit, ABAQUS/CAE, ABAQUS/Viewer, ABAQUS/Aqua, ABAQUS/Design, ABAQUS/Foundation, and the ABAQUS Logo.

The ABAQUS Software and its documentation includes processes under U.S. Patents 5,920,491 and 6,044,210. ABAQUS, Inc. may also have other patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering ABAQUS Software and/or its documentation. No license of such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights is provided or implied except as may be expressly provided in a written license agreement from ABAQUS, Inc.

ACIS is a registered trademark of SPATIAL CORP. ABAQUS/CAE incorporates portions of the ACIS software COPYRIGHT 1998–2004 SPATIAL TECHNOLOGY INC.

ADAMS/Flex, ADAMS/View, MSC.ADAMS, and MSC.Patran are trademarks or registered trademarks of MSC.Software Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries.

Autodesk Inventor and Autodesk are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc.

CADKEY is a registered trademark of CADKEY Corporation.

CATIA is a registered trademark of Dassault Systèmes.

CADporter is a trademark of Elysium Co., Ltd. and Elysium Inc. ABAQUS/CAE incorporates portions of CADporter software Copyright 2000–2002 Elysium Inc.

Compaq is a registered trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation.

FEMAP, I-DEAS, Parasolid, Solid Edge, and Unigraphics are registered trademarks of UGS PLM Solutions Inc.

FE-SAFE is a trademark of Safe Technology, Ltd.

FLEXlm is a registered trademark of Macrovision Corporation.

FLUENT is a registered trademark of Fluent Inc.

Hewlett-Packard, HP-GL, HP-GL/2, and HP-UX are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company.

IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.

Intel is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation.

MOLDFLOW, MOLDFLOW PLASTICS INSIGHT, and MPI are trademarks or registered trademarks of Moldflow Pty. Ltd. or Moldflow Corporation and its worldwide subsidiaries.

MpCCI is a trademark of Fraunhofer Institute SCAI.

NASTRAN is a registered trademark of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

PAM-CRASH is a registered trademark of Pam System International.

PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Incorporated.

Pro/ENGINEER is a registered trademark of Parametric Technology Corporation or its subsidiaries in the U.S. and in other countries.

Silicon Graphics and OpenGL are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc.

SolidDesigner is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.

SolidWorks is a registered trademark of SolidWorks Corporation.

SpaceBall is a registered trademark of Logitech International S.A.

SUN MICROSYSTEMS is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.

is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.

UNIX is a registered trademark licensed exclusively through X/Open Company.

Windows and Visual C++ are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners.

This release of ABAQUS/CAE includes lp_solve, a simplex-based code for linear and integer programming problems by Michel Berkelaar of Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

OPEN SOURCE PROGRAMS

This release of ABAQUS uses several open source or free programs (“OS Programs”) that are identified below. Each such program is distributed with ABAQUS software in binary form and, except as permitted by the applicable license, without modification. Each such program is available online for free downloading and, if required by the applicable OS Program license, the source code will be made available by ABAQUS upon request.

Each OS Program is available for use under a license that may be found at the URL indicated below. While users should consult the specific license applicable to each OS Program, generally these licenses provide permission to any person obtaining a copy of the OS Program to deal in the OS Program without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the OS Program and to permit persons to whom the OS Program is furnished to do so. Some of the OS Program licenses at the URLs indicated below impose additional restrictions on use or modification and require that source code be made available. Each license is subject to the following conditions:

The copyright notice associated with each OS Program as indicated below and the above permission notice (or other applicable restrictions as indicated below) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of such OS Program.

EACH OS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ANY CONTRIBUTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCH OS PROGRAM, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

NO CONTRIBUTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANY OS PROGRAM SHALL BE LIABLE TO ANY USER OF ANY OS PROGRAM FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING, OR DISTRIBUTING THE OS PROGRAM OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT.